Introduction

1. Battle of Shanghai
2. From Shanghai to Nanking
3. Interview: The Nanking Atrocities

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The Fall of Nanking

1. What Foreign Journalists Witnessed
2. The New York Times Article, 18 Dec 1937
3. The New York Times Article, 9 Jan 1938

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The Reign of Terror

1. What Japanese Journalists Witnessed
2. The Safety Zone and American Missionaries
3. What Westerners Witnessed: Letters and Diaries

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Confessions of Former Soldiers

1. Killing Prisoners of War
2. Japanese Soldiers’ Diaries
3. Rape and Pillage

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Psychological Warfare

1. Chinese Propaganda
2. Japanese Propaganda
3. (Appendix) Propaganda Activities

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The Postwar Judgement

1. International Military Tribunal for the Far East
2. Nanking War Crimes Tribunal
3. The Judgement of the IMTFE

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The Controversies in the 1990s

1. The Death Toll: Early Estimates
2. The Death Toll: Estimates in the 1990s
3. The Controversies in Japan

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Works Cited

1. Books, Journals, Newspaper Articles, Films, Interviews and Speeches
2. Gallery: Nanking in Japanese Military Postcards